Stewards of the Land: The Intersection of Indigenous Tourism and Sustainability

Long before sustainability became a global priority, Indigenous Peoples maintained a harmonious relationship with the land, guided by principles that respected the natural balance of ecosystems. Since time immemorial, Indigenous Peoples have cared for and stewarded this land we now call Canada. With considerations given to the impact of seven future generations, these deep-rooted sustainable practices are at the heart of Indigenous tourism experiences today, where every visit supports environmental conservation and cultural preservation in places as diverse as the rainforests of British Columbia and the prairies of Saskatchewan. Let’s take a journey through these remarkable sites, each embodying the ethos of sustainability, through Indigenous-led tourism.

Wanuskewin, the nēhiyawēwin (Plains Cree) word roughly translated as ‘seeking peace of mind’ has been a sacred site and gathering place for more than 6,400 years. This National Heritage Site preserves the rich history and traditions of the Northern Plains Indigenous Peoples. A key highlight of the Wanuskewin Heritage Park is the reintroduction of plains bison, a species that once played a vital role in the lives of Indigenous communities and was hunted to near extinction in the late 1800s. The reintroduction of plains bison at Wanuskewin symbolizes the deep spiritual connection that Indigenous Peoples from across the Great Plains have with these important animals. Visitors can explore interpretive trails that wind through archaeological sites and witness the cultural significance of these sacred spaces. 

Métis Crossing, located in Smokey Lake, Alberta is more than a cultural destination; it’s a living example of the Métis principles of sustainability and community. The Visions, Hopes, and Dreams at Métis Crossing Wildlife Park is home to culturally significant heritage species like white bison, symbolizing both resilience and the deep-rooted Métis connection to the land. Visitors can also stay overnight in the eco-conscious guest lodge, designed with input from Métis architects and artists to incorporate sustainable building materials and showcase Métis art and heritage. As night falls, the Sky Watching Domes provide an unparalleled view of the stars, inviting guests to connect with the land and skies.

Set within the heart of the Great Bear Rainforest, Spirit Bear Lodge is dedicated to sustainable tourism that protects and celebrates this rare ecosystem. Owned and operated by the Kitasoo Xai’xais Nation, the lodge supports local conservation organizations and community-based stewardship efforts, ensuring that every guest experience contributes to the preservation of this sacred land. Visitors have the opportunity to witness the awe-inspiring Spirit Bear, a rare white-furred black bear unique to this region while hearing stories and learning about the Kitasoo Xai’xais connection to the land and waters. Through guided wildlife tours and visits to the Klemtu Big House, led by knowledgeable community members, guests gain a deeper understanding of Kitasoo Xai’xais Peoples’ language, art, values, traditions, and ceremonial practices.\

The five partner First Nations who own Knight Inlet Lodge – Da’naxda’xw Awaetlala, Mamalilikulla, Tlowitsis, Wei Wai Kum and K’ómoks – have been stewards of their traditional territories, including the region of Knight Inlet, for thousands of years. Located in a remote fjord in the heart of the Great Bear Rainforest accessible only by floatplane, this lodge offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to see grizzly bears in their natural habitat while emphasizing sustainable tourism practices and cultural preservation. Supporting research and conservation efforts, this lodge’s eco-sensitive operations and minimal footprint reflect a strong commitment to preserving this remote ecosystem for future generations.

On the waters of Bute Inlet, Homalco Wildlife & Cultural Tours provides a respectful gateway to witness one of nature’s most awe-inspiring spectacles: the annual salmon run and the bears it attracts. Guided by members of the Homalco Nation, visitors learn about the salmon’s lifecycle and its role in sustaining local wildlife, including grizzly bears. The Homalco Nation’s deep commitment to conservation is evident through its sustainable practices, which include careful visitor management to minimize environmental impact and ongoing habitat protection efforts. Knowledgeable Homalco guides share stories, language, and traditional ecological knowledge, allowing visitors to gain insight into the Homalco way of life and their deep connection to the land. 

Klahoose Wilderness Resort in Desolation Sound offers an eco-luxury escape that celebrates the heritage and natural beauty of the Klahoose First Nation. Nestled between lush forests and pristine waters, the resort prioritizes sustainability through innovative practices, including hydroelectric power sourced from a nearby mountain stream, which significantly reduces its environmental footprint. Guided by Klahoose Knowledge Keepers, visitors embark on wildlife tours in Toba Inlet, where they may encounter killer whales, grizzly bears, humpback whales, sea lions, porpoises, eagles and more in their natural habitat. Guests to the resort learn about the toq qaymɩxʷ (Klahoose) People: their culture, traditions, stories, and land stewardship.

On Haida Gwaii, Haida Tourism combines cultural authenticity with sustainable hospitality. Haida Tourism properties, Haida House at Tllaal and Ocean House, are Sustainable Tourism Gold Certified and managed to the highest environmental standards. Guided by the Haida principle of Yahguudang, or “respect for all living things and the interdependence that binds us,” Haida Tourism ensures that every adventure supports environmental stewardship and cultural preservation. From exploring the lush rainforests and dramatic coastlines to learning about Haida traditions and art forms, visitors are immersed in the deep cultural significance of this region. Before arriving, travellers are invited to take the Haida Gwaii Pledge, a commitment to respect the land, community, and heritage of the Haida People.

Thrive Tours offers culturally immersive and eco-friendly adventures across Northern Ontario, led by Indigenous guides who share their deep-rooted connection to the land. Thrive Tours prioritizes respectful, low-impact travel that fosters a meaningful relationship between guests and nature. Through experiences such as guided hikes, canoe or kayak journeys, art workshops, and snowshoeing, visitors gain insights into Traditional Knowledge, land stewardship, and the spiritual significance of local ecosystems. Thrive also supports community initiatives, with a portion of tour proceeds reinvested into environmental and cultural projects. 

Managed by the Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory, Point Grondine Park spans over 18,000 acres of rugged natural beauty along Georgian Bay. The park invites visitors to explore dense old growth pine forests, serene inland lakes, challenging trails, and stunning river vistas all while learning about traditional land-use practices and the cultural heritage of the Anishnaabek People. The park emphasizes conservation and sustainable tourism, offering eco-friendly camping, kayaking, canoeing and hiking experiences along the traditional routes of the Anishnaabek People.

At the International Indigenous Tourism Conference, Indigenous Tourism Québec was presented with the Provincial / Territorial Association of the Year Award, which recognizes excellence in leadership, partnership, development and marketing to build a resilient Indigenous tourism industry. Representing all eleven Nations in Québec and fifty-five Indigenous communities, Indigenous Tourism Québec proudly launched Shipeku: Toward Sustainable Indigenous Tourism in 2022, an eighteen-month program aimed to support Indigenous tourism entrepreneurs in their transition to sustainability. The program, which skilfully combines scientific and Traditional Knowledge, guided a selection of Indigenous tourism businesses to become more resilient in the face of climate change improving their visitor experience and benefiting their entire community.   

In a world increasingly conscious of sustainability, Indigenous tourism in Canada offers a powerful reminder of the deep connection between cultural heritage and environmental stewardship. Indigenous communities across the country are not only revitalizing their traditions but also leading by example, showcasing sustainable practices that honour both their ancestors and future generations. From the awe-inspiring Spirit Bear Lodge in the Great Bear Rainforest to the culturally rich experiences at Métis Crossing and Wanuskewin Heritage Park, each destination embodies the principles of respect, conservation, and intergenerational responsibility.