Honouring History, Healing Communities: Indigenous Tourism and the Path to Truth and Reconciliation

CONTENT/TRIGGER WARNING: Mentions of Indian Residential Schools, Assimilation, Ongoing Harm, Colonial Impacts.

On May 27, 2021, the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation revealed the heart-wrenching discovery of 215 children’s remains on the grounds of the former Kamloops Residential School. This revelation, while deeply painful, shocked the nation and catalyzed the identification of thousands of similar unmarked graves across Canada. Though these truths were long known within Indigenous communities, the discovery brought the tragic legacy of residential schools into the national consciousness, igniting a renewed commitment to reconciliation.

On that very day, I signed my preliminary contract with The Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada (ITAC), unaware of the profound cultural shift that was unfolding. Initially, I saw Indigenous Tourism as a means to raise awareness and utilize my creativity and skillset for community impact. However, it soon became clear that I had stepped into a pivotal role in an industry crucially involved in the reconciliation movement at a time of intense focus on Indigenous sovereignty.

Authentic Indigenous tourism experiences—regardless of their nature—contribute to reconciliation by promoting economic autonomy for Indigenous communities and creating platforms for cultural revitalization. That said, some initiatives within this sector are dedicated to educating visitors about the painful history and lasting impacts of residential schools, offering guests an opportunity to engage deeply with this critical narrative and support the reconciliation process in a meaningful way.

In this article, we will delve into the concepts of Truth and Reconciliation, the significance of September 30th as the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, and the vital role Indigenous Tourism plays in advancing these efforts.

Residential Schools (also known as Indian Residential Schools) were a network of government-sanctioned institutions that operated from the late 19th century until the late 20th century, with the intent of assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. Managed predominantly by Christian religious organizations, these schools aimed to eradicate Indigenous languages, traditions, and identities by forcibly removing children from their families and communities. The system was notorious for its widespread physical, emotional, and cultural abuse, leaving many students subjected to severe neglect and mistreatment. The enduring legacy of these schools has inflicted profound and lasting harm on Indigenous communities, resulting in intergenerational trauma and cultural disruption. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada has thoroughly documented these abuses and advocates for a comprehensive reconciliation process to address and redress the historical injustices caused by the residential school system.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was established in 2008 as part of the resolution of the Indian Residential Schools class action lawsuit. Its central mission was to investigate and document the history and profound impact of the residential school system, which sought to assimilate Indigenous children and erase their cultures. Throughout its mandate, the TRC undertook extensive research, collected personal testimonies from survivors, and held public hearings to illuminate the abuses and cultural suppression that occurred. Its final report, published in 2015, unveiled the severe injustices endured by Indigenous communities and issued 94 Calls to Action designed to address these wrongs and promote reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians. The TRC’s work has been pivotal in raising public awareness about the residential school legacy and steering efforts toward meaningful reconciliation and justice.

The National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, observed annually on September 30th, is a federal holiday in Canada dedicated to honoring the survivors of Indian Residential Schools, as well as their families and communities. It provides an opportunity for all Canadians to reflect on the deep and lasting impacts of the residential school system, which aimed to assimilate Indigenous children and undermine their cultures. Established in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s final report and its Calls to Action, this day focuses on raising awareness, fostering education, and deepening understanding of the historical injustices endured by Indigenous peoples. By commemorating this painful chapter in Canadian history, the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation encourages meaningful dialogue and reinforces the commitment to the ongoing journey of reconciliation and justice.

Wearing orange on the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation is a powerful gesture of support and solidarity with Indigenous peoples, as well as a tribute to the survivors of Indian Residential Schools. This practice is rooted in the story of Phyllis Webstad, an Indigenous woman whose bright orange shirt, a gift from her grandmother, was taken from her when she arrived at a residential school as a child. The orange shirt has come to symbolize the loss of culture, identity, and childhood endured by Indigenous children in these institutions. By donning orange, Canadians acknowledge this tragic history, honor the strength and resilience of survivors, and reaffirm their commitment to the ongoing process of reconciliation and healing.

• Educate Yourself: Take time to learn about the history and legacy of residential schools, the impacts of colonialism, and the ongoing issues faced by Indigenous communities. Read books, watch documentaries, or attend educational events.
• Attend Local Events: Participate in local commemorations, ceremonies, or educational events organized for the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. This shows support and provides an opportunity to engage with the community.
• Wear Orange: Don an orange shirt or accessory to symbolize support for survivors and to acknowledge the history of residential schools. The color orange represents the loss of Indigenous culture and identity.
• Support Indigenous Businesses: Purchase from Indigenous-owned businesses or organizations. This helps to support economic development and demonstrates solidarity with Indigenous communities.
• Listen and Amplify Voices: Create space for Indigenous voices and stories. Listen to the experiences of survivors and Indigenous leaders, and amplify their messages in your personal and professional circles.
• Engage in Thoughtful Dialogue: Have meaningful conversations with family, friends, and colleagues about the significance of the day and the importance of reconciliation. Promote understanding and encourage others to learn and engage.
• Reflect and Share: Take time to reflect on the history and significance of the day. Share your reflections on social media or in your community to raise awareness and promote dialogue.
• Donate to Indigenous Charities: Contribute to organizations and charities that support Indigenous communities, such as those focused on cultural preservation, education, and healing.
• Support Indigenous-Led Initiatives: Get involved in or support initiatives that promote Indigenous rights, cultural revitalization, and reconciliation efforts.
• Advocate for Change: Use your voice to advocate for policy changes that support Indigenous rights and address systemic issues. Encourage your networks and leaders to prioritize reconciliation.
• Participate in Cultural Learning: Engage in cultural activities, such as traditional arts or language workshops, led by Indigenous people. This fosters respect and appreciation for Indigenous cultures.
• Commit to Ongoing Action: Understand that being an ally involves a long-term commitment. Continue to educate yourself, support Indigenous causes, and advocate for reconciliation beyond the National Day.

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#TheOriginalOriginal

The TRC’s Calls to Action include several recommendations aimed at fostering Indigenous tourism as a means of cultural education and economic development. These calls emphasize the importance of supporting Indigenous-led tourism initiatives that authentically represent Indigenous cultures, histories, and traditions. By promoting Indigenous tourism, these actions seek to create opportunities for Indigenous communities to share their stories and cultural heritage with a broader audience, while also generating economic benefits. This approach helps to address historical injustices by providing a platform for Indigenous voices and perspectives, while simultaneously encouraging mutual respect and understanding between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Indigenous tourism also plays a crucial role in preserving and revitalizing traditional practices, languages, and art forms, contributing to cultural continuity and strengthening community pride.

“The Original Original” accreditation program, launched by the Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada (ITAC), plays a vital role in advancing reconciliation by empowering Indigenous communities economically and culturally. By certifying tourism businesses that are at least 51% Indigenous-owned and operated, the program guarantees that visitors experience authentic Indigenous culture, promoting economic independence and self-determination—key components of reconciliation. It preserves Indigenous languages, traditions, and practices by supporting businesses that genuinely reflect these heritages. Additionally, the program educates travelers about the history and ongoing challenges faced by Indigenous peoples, fostering greater understanding. Through respectful and culturally sensitive tourism, “The Original Original” builds bridges between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, strengthening the path toward reconciliation in Canada.

Here are just a few of the many “The Original Original” accredited experiences you can explore, whether to honour the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation or as part of a year-round commitment to reconciliation:

St. Eugene Golf Resort and Casino – Cranbrook, British Columbia

Located just outside Cranbrook, St. Eugene Golf Resort and Casino boasts a 125-room luxury hotel, an 18-hole championship golf course designed by Les Furber, a casino, RV park, and a health club with a sauna, hot tubs, and an outdoor pool. The resort also hosts the Ktunaxa Interpretive Centre in the historic mission building, where visitors can embark on a 90-minute tour led by a residential school survivor who provides valuable insights into Indigenous culture and their personal experiences. Margaret Teneese, a tour guide, states, “Giving these tours helps me heal. The development of the resort is part of our reconciliation with what happened here.” During the warmer months, guests can enjoy activities at the Tipi Village, such as storytelling by the fire, bison stew, bannock, and traditional crafts, as well as participate in corporate Indigenous education programs.

National Indigenous Residential School Museum of Canada – Portage la Prairie, Manitoba

Just outside Portage la Prairie, the former Portage Indian Residential School has been transformed into the National Indigenous Residential School Museum of Canada, now owned by the Long Plain First Nation. One of 17 residential schools in Manitoba, it was managed by several organizations before closing in 1975 and was designated a provincial historic site in 2005. The Long Plain First Nation repurposed the school to preserve an important chapter of Canadian history, focusing on educating visitors about the enduring impacts of the residential school system and turning the site “from a place of hurting to a place of healing.”

Stó:lō Nation tours of St. Mary’s Residential School – Mission, British Columbia

The traditional territory of the Stólō Nation stretches from Yale in the Fraser Canyon to the mouth of the Fraser River. The name “Stólō” translates to “river,” highlighting their identity as the “people of the river.” The nation offers a vibrant tourism program that includes a variety of cultural tours and experiences. Visitors can engage in traditional activities such as carving, weaving, and storytelling at the Coqualeetza Educational Longhouse. The cultural education team also provides guided tours of St. Mary’s Residential School in Mission, where guests can learn about the school’s history in the chapel, explore the building, and view the student dormitories. This experience offers a rare glimpse into one of the few remaining residential schools in Canada and deepens understanding of the experiences faced by Indigenous youth who were compelled to attend these institutions.

Woodland Cultural Centre – Brantford, Ontario

The Mohawk Institute Indian Residential School, located in Brantford, operated from 1828 to 1970, serving First Nations children from Six Nations (Onondaga, Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Seneca, and Tuscarora) and other communities in Ontario and Quebec. The institution sought to eliminate Indigenous cultures and languages before closing its doors in 1970. In 1972, the building was repurposed as the Woodland Cultural Centre, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and advancing Indigenous culture and heritage. The Centre features a museum with a diverse collection of artifacts and offers both online and in-person guided tours of the former residential school. Currently, the Woodland Cultural Centre is leading a “Save the Evidence” campaign to restore the building and establish an interpretive centre focused on the history of residential schools in Canada. Its programs and facilities are designed to protect and celebrate the history, art, language, and culture of the Haudenosaunee people of the Eastern Woodlands.

The Unceded Journey – Wikwemikong, Ontario

The Unceded Journey at Wiikwemkoong Tourism offers a profound and immersive exploration of the history and culture of Manitoulin Island and Wiikwemkoong, Canada’s only officially recognized Unceded Territory. This transformative tour delves into key historical sites, such as the first Residential School on the Great Lakes and Northern Ontario’s oldest Catholic church. It provides participants with a fresh perspective on the experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada, fostering connections and promoting reconciliation. By highlighting the historical context and treaties that have shaped Canada, the Unceded Journey enriches understanding and supports the ongoing dialogue about Indigenous history and heritage.

The People, Water, Land tour at Homalco Tours – Campbell River, British Columbia

The People, Water, Land Cultural Tour (PWLT) by Homalco Wildlife & Cultural Tours provides an immersive exploration of the Xwémalhkwu way of life. The tour begins with a scenic boat cruise from Coast Discovery Marina in Campbell River, featuring engaging cultural storytelling and wildlife sightings in the Salish Sea. Participants then visit the historic village of Aupe to learn about the impacts of colonialism and residential schools on Xwémalhkwu culture and traditions. The journey culminates in a hands-on experience where visitors weave traditional cedar bracelets, celebrating the enduring values and resilience of the Xwémalhkwu people.

4 Seasons of Reconciliation at Dakota Dunes Resort – White Cap First Nation, Saskatchewan

The Four Seasons of Reconciliation Tour at Dakota Dunes offers an engaging and transformative workshop aimed at enhancing diversity and inclusion in workplace and educational settings. Utilizing a range of interactive tools, such as videos, slideshows, and quizzes, the workshop is designed to build and strengthen relationships between Indigenous peoples and Canadians. This onsite experience serves as a streamlined version of more comprehensive courses provided by Reconciliation Education, delivering impactful content in a concise format. Participants who complete all modules will earn a certificate from the First Nations University of Canada. The workshop’s flexible structure allows for self-paced learning, enabling individuals to pause and resume as needed.

Reconciliation is a journey that demands commitment and action every day of the year, not just on the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. Participating in Indigenous tourism offers a meaningful way to engage in this ongoing process. By immersing oneself in authentic cultural experiences, learning about the enduring effects of historical injustices, and supporting Indigenous-led initiatives, individuals gain a deeper appreciation of Indigenous histories and contribute to the healing and revitalization of these communities. These experiences build bridges of understanding, foster respect, and promote the economic and cultural empowerment of Indigenous peoples. As Canada continues its path toward reconciliation, embracing these opportunities throughout the year helps ensure that the principles of truth, respect, and healing remain at the heart of our collective efforts to create a more inclusive and equitable society.

For residential school survivors, the National Indian Residential School Crisis Line is available to provide immediate support and emotional assistance.

Phone Number: 1-866-925-4419

This crisis line is accessible 24/7 and is intended to support survivors, their families, and those affected by the legacy of residential schools.